Students are presented with unfamiliar concepts, asked to work through them, and then taught the solution. Students taught this way outperform those taught through formal instruction and problem-solving.
Instead of teaching standard deviation, provide students with this problem, and let them work on it for 30-45 minutes (45 minutes! what grit!):
After that, the teacher talks about the most common 3-4 techniques devised by students, then shows the class the standard solution.
How do you get students to keep up the effort? They are told "we know you don't know this, we want you to generate as many ideas right or wrong and the more you generate the more you will learn."
One of the problems with this? Teachers. Teachers "say it's stressful to teach this way. It's easier to tell them [students] what you know."
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